Urs-o-Log – Page 3 – by Michael Urspringer

Spamassassin: Train Bayes Recognition

To train the Bayes recognition of Spamassassin you need to have a big amount of spam mails which you can feed to Spamassassin. Normally you would not have such amount of spam if you are just running your personal mailserver.

However you can download spam mails from the Untroubled.org Spam Archive.

Just download the archives you want (I recommend just to use newer archives e.g. from the last 2 years) and then run the “sa-learn” command of Spamassassin. I did it like that:

cd /tmp
mkdir spam
cd spam

# Download the Archives
wget http://untroubled.org/spam/2018.7z
wget http://untroubled.org/spam/2019-01.7z
# ... &lt;as much archives you want ...>

# Unpack the archives (you need to have 7z installed!) and
# delete the 7z files afterwards
for i in *.7z ; do 7z x "$i" ; done
rm /tmp/spam/*.7z

# Train your spam database
/usr/bin/sa-learn --username amavis --dbpath /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin --spam /tmp/spam/*

# Remove all spam archive fails again
rm -rf /tmp/spam

cd /tmp

mkdir spam

cd spam

# Download the Archives

wget http://untroubled.org/spam/2018.7z

wget http://untroubled.org/spam/2019-01.7z

# ... <as much archives you want ...>

# Unpack the archives (you need to have 7z installed!) and

# delete the 7z files afterwards

for i in *.7z ; do 7z x "$i" ; done

rm /tmp/spam/*.7z

# Train your spam database

/usr/bin/sa-learn --username amavis --dbpath /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin --spam /tmp/spam/*

# Remove all spam archive fails again

rm -rf /tmp/spam

Linux Backup to Synology NAS

With the following command you can backup data from a Linux server to a Synology NAS:

/usr/bin/rsync -avh --delete --relative --password-file=/root/rsync_pass {/etc,/root,/var/cache/bind,/var/lib/automysqlbackup/latest,/usr/local,/var/www} &lt;backup user>@&lt;synology host>::&lt;synology file share>

1	/usr/bin/rsync -avh --delete --relative --password-file=/root/rsync_pass {/etc,/root,/var/cache/bind,/var/lib/automysqlbackup/latest,/usr/local,/var/www} <backup user>@<synology host>::<synology file share>

The parameters have the following meaning:

<backup user>: User on NAS with permissions to use rsync to the target share

<synology host>: Hostname / IP of your Synology NAS device (if it is located remote you need to make sure that it is reachable via port 873/TCP

<synology file share>: The name of the target file share on your Synology host where you want to backup the data

In the file “/root/rsync_pass” you store the rsync password of the user <backup user>. Make sure to restrict permissions of that file (“chmod 600 /root/rsync_pass”)

This commands synchronizes the directories included in the “{}” brackets including the complete filename. Deleted files in the source will be deleted in the target as well, so that you do have an exact copy of your source.

To restore files you can use the following command (Example: Restore “/etc/” with all subfolders into the target directory “/restore“:

/usr/bin/rsync -avh --relative --password-file=/root/rsync_pass &lt;backup user>@&lt;synology host>::&lt;synology file share>/etc/ /restore

1	/usr/bin/rsync -avh --relative --password-file=/root/rsync_pass <backup user>@<synology host>::<synology file share>/etc/ /restore

Unfortunately this will preserve the file and directory permissions but not the original owner of the directory/file. This will work if you use another Linux server as your backup device but I have not found a solution for a Synology NAS device.

Migrate IMAP account from Google Mail to Dovecot IMAP

I just needed to migrate all mails from a Google mail account to a Dovecot IMAP server. I did this with a tool called “Imapsync“.

I just wanted to synchronize all mails from the Google sent mail folder to the “Sent” folder of Dovecot and all mails from the Google “All Mails” view to a folder called “Archive” of the Dovecot account.

You need to make sure that you synchronize the “Sent” mails first as these are also included in the “All Mails” view and otherwise will not be added to the “Sent ” folder in addition.

This is the command I used for the migration:

./imapsync \
--user1 &lt;google mail user> --password1 &lt;google mail user password> \
--host2 &lt;dovecot hostname> \
--user2 &lt;dovecot mail user> --password2 &lt;dovecot mail user password>  \
--gmail1 \
--exclude "\[Gmail\]$" \
--exclude "INBOX$" \
--folderlast "[Gmail]/Alle Nachrichten" \
--regextrans2 's#\[Gmail\]\.Gesendet$#Sent#' \
--regextrans2 's#\[Gmail\]\.Alle Nachrichten$#Archive#'

./imapsync \

--user1 <google mail user> --password1 <google mail user password> \

--host2 <dovecot hostname> \

--user2 <dovecot mail user> --password2 <dovecot mail user password> \

--gmail1 \

--exclude "\[Gmail\]$" \

--exclude "INBOX$" \

--folderlast "[Gmail]/Alle Nachrichten" \

--regextrans2 's#\[Gmail\]\.Gesendet$#Sent#' \

--regextrans2 's#\[Gmail\]\.Alle Nachrichten$#Archive#'

With the “–exclude” option you can specify which folders should not me synchronized. I excluded the Inbox as I just wanted to sync all mails to the “Archive” folder of my Dovecot account.

The “–folderlast” option makes sure that the “All Mails” folder of Google will be synchronized at the end, after all other folders have been synchronized.

With the “–regextrans2” options you can specify which source folder name should be synchronized to what target folder name. You need to adapt that in order to match your environment!

This is a real sync so you can have already mails in your target Dovecot account before which will not be deleted. And you can run this command several times and it will just only synchronize the mails which have changed on the Google mail account in the meantime.

Dovecot: Rebuild full text index

For me to remember:

Re-index the fulltext index of a Dovecot user:

# Make sure mailbox has no errors
doveadm -D force-resync -u &lt;username> '*'

# Re-index the mailbox
doveadm fts rescan -u &lt;username>
doveadm index -u &lt;username> '*'

# Make sure mailbox has no errors

doveadm -D force-resync -u <username> '*'

# Re-index the mailbox

doveadm fts rescan -u <username>

doveadm index -u <username> '*'

Meine derzeitige Podcast-Playlist

Da ich schon ein paar Mal gefragt wurde, liste ich heute mal die Podcasts auf, die ich derzeit regelmäßig höre:

Security Now

Steve Gibson, the man who coined the term spyware and created the first anti-spyware program, creator of Spinrite and ShieldsUP, discusses the hot topics in security today with Leo Laporte.

Der Finanzwesir rockt

Hallo, wir sind Daniel, ein Ex-Berliner, und Albert, ein Rheinländer, der zumindest eine Patentante in Berlin hat.
Wir haben festgestellt, dass zumindest der erste Teil des Hauptstadt-Mottos “Arm aber sexy” für uns nur begrenzten Charme hat.
Deshalb haben wir beschlossen, uns selbst um unser Geld zu kümmern. Dabei sind wir mehr als einmal auf die Nase gefallen, aber jetzt haben wir unsere Finanzen ganz gut im Griff.
Über diesen Weg sprechen wir im Podcast. Was hat sich bewährt, was nicht. Welche Klippen gilt es zu umschiffen.
Unser Versprechen: Wir plaudern nett über das Thema Finanzen. Du wirst eine Menge lernen, aber es wird auch lustig.

Denkangebot Podcast

In diesem Podcast geht Katharina Nocun (kattascha) aktuellen politischen Debatten auf den Grund. Gemeinsam mit Experten nimmt sie Argumente und Fakten auseinander. Dieser Podcast ist ein Denkangebot für alle, die sich gerne tiefer in ein Thema einarbeiten.

Sicherheitshalber

Der Podcast zur sicherheitspolitischen Lage in Deutschland, Europa und der Welt. | Die Welt um Deutschland herum ist im Umbruch. Die Zeiten sind vorbei, in denen die Bundesrepublik sich im Bereich der Sicherheit uneingeschränkt auf andere verlassen konnte. Deutschland ist in der Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik gefordert. Doch die deutsche sicherheitspolitische Debatte lässt weiterhin zu wünschen übrig. „Sicherheitshalber“ schafft Abhilfe. | Hier diskutieren Ulrike Franke (European Council on Foreign Relations), Carlo Masala (Universität der Bundeswehr München), Frank Sauer (Universität der Bundeswehr München), und Thomas Wiegold (augengeradeaus.net) die aktuellen Entwicklungen in der deutschen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik und die Lage in Europa und der Welt.

Viel Spaß!

Two Gadgets for Apple Users

As I own quite a couple of Apple things, I was looking for a solution to charge all things with little effort and without having too much cables laying around.

I found this wireless charging station from SIMPFUN which let me charge my iPhone, my Apple Watch and my Airpods at the same time with only needing one cable. You can get it in three different colours: White, Grey and Black. An USB-C adapter is also included, so you do not need anything else to charge all devices.

Phone and watch will be charged wireless and for the Airpods there is a Lightning connector at the top where you just put the the Airpod case on.

You can use the nightstand mode of your Apple watch during charging so that you can use it as alarm clock as well.

The only weak point I found so far: The charging station does have a small blue light while charging, which I find too bright in the night. So I put a small sticky tape over it. It is still slightly visible because it does shine through the bottom of the stand but it is no longer disturbing in the night.

For travelling I also found a solution to charge all three devices at the same time with only one cable, the Saiwill 3 in 1 Cable. It gives me two lighting cables for iPhone, Airpods or iPad and also a cable to charge the Apple Watch. On the other side there is one USB-A connector.

So I do only need one cable and a charger like e.g. the Equinux Tizi Tankstelle to charge all my devices while I am travelling.

By the way: If you do also have additional devices which need to be charged via USB-C or Micro-USB, I can recommend the Equinux tizi Schlitzohr which is a combined USB-C, Lightning and Micro-USB cable with an USB-A connector at the other end.

One more thing: If you charge your phones sometimes on public charging stations like e.g. at airports I recommend to use this adapter on your cable.

This adapter will prevent your device to switch to data transfer mode, so you won’t risk data theft or computer viruses if you charge your device at a foreign USB port e.g. at an airport etc.

SSL Certificate Expiration Checking

We just had an issue with an expired SSL certificate. Although the customer had a monitoring system in place, this system failed to inform the administrators of the upcoming certificate expiration which the leads to a system downtime this morning.

In order to be independent of the customer monitoring, I created a short Linux shell script which does the certificate checking by itself and sends out a notification mail if the certificate expiration date is less than x days away.

We are running this script every week via a cron job and let us warn 60 days in advance of the expiration date. So hopefully this will not happen again in future …

Here is the code of the script:

(more…)

HCL Connections 6.0 CR6

The first CR release of Connections since the takeover by HCL has just arrived. It is still a little difficult to find the right links for doumentation and download, but this will hopefully improve in time.

Here are the main links for HCL Connections 6.0 CR6:

HCL Connections 6.0 Documentation

What’s new in HCL Connections 6.0?

Update Strategy for Connections 6.0

HCL Connections 6.0 CR6 Fix List

Download Connections 6.0 CR6 from the HCL FlexNet portal

Download Connections 6.0 CR6 Component Pack 6.0.09 from the HCL FlexNet portal

There are no database updates required for CR6.

WAS FP 15 is still the recommended WAS fixpack version , so you do not need to upgrade WAS if you have FP15 installed with CR5 already.

It is a long time ago since I updated my Connections Wiki. I will now start collecting all links to HCL Connections again here https://urspringer.de/connections.

File Examples

Sometimes you also need sample files for creating a demo site etc. Here you can download example files in different formats (Office, pictues, videos, audio).

100,000 Faces Generated by AI Free to Download

Sometimes you need pictures of human beings e.g. to create a demo site etc. You do not want to use real pictures for that. From this site you can download many computer generated pictures for free (you just need to include a link to the site).